Use of plant residues for bioremediation in the implementation of an organic fertilizer

Abstract

Agribusiness produces goods and services for mankind, generates employment for a particular population or region and boosts the economy, in addition to generating food products that can be transformed, preserved or used immediately. An important aspect to take into account in agroindustrial companies is the environmental responsibility they must have. Most companies produce waste, which is difficult to make good use of and accumulation is observed in the oil palm, banana, coffee, cheese (the leftover whey is thrown into streams), rice threshing machines, etc. On the other hand, soils show a mineral impoverishment due to the continuous sowing of the same crop (monocultures), permanent tillage and erosion, causing a loss of organic matter year after year. The objective of this work is the utilization of agro-industrial residual organic material used in the creation of an organic fertilizer that helps to improve the chemical, physical and biological conditions of the soil. Nature already does this on a daily basis and in forests there is a canopy of leaf litter that covers the soil and there is a recycling of nutrients that allows the accumulation of organic matter in the form of humic and fulvic acids, after a degradation process, all this matter interacts with microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. For this purpose, residues such as cocoa husks, pruning residues, leaves and grass clippings from green areas were composted with the help of microorganisms such as MM (mountain microorganisms) and then composted and applied to the crops. At the end, a product with pleasant organoleptic characteristics was obtained, with a forest soil smell and black color, showing a good composting process.