El concepto de biorrefinería en la transición energética: una revisión del estado del arte
Palavras-chave:
biodiésel, bioetanol, biomasa, transformación química, economía circular, química verde.Resumo
Los biocombustibles líquidos brindan una de las pocas opciones para reemplazar los combustibles fósiles a corto y mediano plazo. Tienen el potencial de ofrecer ahorros de gases de efecto invernadero y seguridad energética. Si la producción de biocombustibles se proyecta a largo plazo de forma similar a la producción de combustibles fósiles, la diversidad de biocompuestos intermediarios y subproductos que pueden obtenerse de forma paralela a los biocombustibles podrían en conjunto dar lugar al concepto de biorrefinería. Teniendo en cuenta esto, la meta de esta revisión es realizar un análisis del estado del arte respecto al concepto de biorrefinería, discriminando aspectos fundamentales como los fundamentos, los tipos de materia prima, los principales productos, los esquemas de transición de las refinerías tradicionales a este nuevo concepto, y los distintos procesos biotecnológicos al interior de una biorrefinería.
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